A 32-year-old man in Japan experienced respiratory failure after receiving the first dose of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. He was treated with noninvasive ventilation and corticosteroids. Serologic test results suggested previous COVID-19; therefore, he received a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome. COVID-19 vaccination could be a trigger for this condition.
Keywords: COVID-19; Japan; MIS-A; SARS-CoV-2; anti-nucleocapsid antibody; anti-spike antibody; coronavirus disease; cytokine profile; hyperinflammatory state; multisystem inflammatory syndrome; myocardial injury; respiratory failure; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; vaccination.