Behaviour of the Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus over different contexts, time, and stimuli

Linda Hernández Duran; David Thomas Wilson; Tasmin Lee Rymer

doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100093

Behaviour of the Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus over different contexts, time, and stimuli

Toxicon X. 2022 Jan 24:13:100093. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100093. eCollection 2022 Mar.

Authors

Linda Hernández Duran^{1

2}, David Thomas Wilson³, Tasmin Lee Rymer^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
² Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
³ Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.

Abstract

Atrax robustus is an iconic Australian spider because the venom can be lethal to humans. Moreover, some of the venom biomolecules have promise as therapeutic and bioinsecticidal leads. Nonetheless, aspects related to the life history and behaviour of this species, which might influence changes in venom components, have been overlooked. We assessed different behavioural traits (antipredator behaviour, defensiveness and activity) of juveniles and adult females across different contexts (predation, conspecific tolerance and exploration of a new territory) and stimuli (puff of air versus prod) over time. Adults responded to a puff of air faster than juveniles, but in response to a prod, both juveniles and adults become more defensive over time. No differences were observed between adults and juveniles for conspecific tolerance and exploration. Understanding behaviour of venomous species is important because behaviours may affect physiological traits, such as venom, and the ability of spiders to adapt to different conditions.

Keywords: Antipredator behaviour; Atrax robustus; Contexts; Defensiveness; Threatening stimuli.