Fecal Loading at Caecum as a New Radiological Sign for Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis

Abstract

Background The present study aimed to address the importance of a new radiological sign - the presence of fecal loading at the caecum - for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from January 2020 to June 2020. Patients who presented in the emergency with acute pain at the right iliac fossa fulfilling the criteria of acute appendicitis (AA) according to the Alvarado scoring system, and were planned for appendectomy were included. Before surgery plain abdominal radiographs were taken in anteroposterior view in the supine position and were evaluated for the presence of fecal loading at the caecum. After that all patients underwent surgery and radiologic findings were correlated with histopathologic findings. Results The mean age of patients was 32.19±7.34 years. There were 83 (55.3%) male and 67 (44.7%) female patients. Out of 150, there were 144 (96.0%) patients in whom fecal loading in the caecum was diagnosed on plain radiographs. On histopathology reporting, acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 143 (95.3%) patients. Regarding accuracy, fecal loading at the caecum was found to have a sensitivity of 98.6%, specificity of 83.3%, a positive predictive value of 99.3%, and a negative predictive value of 71.4%. Conclusion According to the results of the present study and existing literature, we suggest using fecal loading at the caecum along with a clinical scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. As per our findings, fecal loading at the caecum is a valuable sign on plain abdominal radiograph for the diagnosis of AA. It has a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 83.3%. This sign typically becomes undetectable after an appendectomy. It will help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and hence will reduce the chances of negative appendectomy.

Keywords: abdominal radiography; acute appendicitis; fecal loading; gastroentrology; x-rays.