This is an article about anemia of chronic diseases in HIV patients. It follows a study of the nature of red blood cells changes in patients with HIV infection and the features of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) in the particular group of patients. In addition, connection was established between changes in oral cavity and peripheral blood parameters. The study identified clinical signs of anemia in maxillofacial area and oral cavity in HIV-infected people. During the analysis of red blood cell indicators in patients with HIV a number of changes were observed. The problem of anemia in this group was complicated by the patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study revealed significant changes in red blood cell count in people with HIV status, who were either taking or not taking highly active ART. We also analyzed the studied parameters of red blood cells in patients with HIV infection, depending on level of blood lymphocytes with CD4 cluster differentiation in plasmolemma, and depending on the stage of the main disease. We also analyzed and studied parameters depending on the state of periodontal tissues. Identified results can be interesting in terms of establishing pathogenetical relationships in development of inflammatory and degenerative changes in periodontal tissues and anemia of chronic diseases associated with HIV infection. These findings require further investigation and more comprehensive analysis.