Only extraordinary volcanism can explain the presence of parts per billion phosphine on Venus

Affiliations

• ¹ Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; bains@mit.edu.
• ² School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
• ³ Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom.
• ⁴ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom.
• ⁵ Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201.
• ⁶ Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201.
• ⁷ Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154.
• ⁸ Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.
• ⁹ Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
• ¹⁰ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
• ¹¹ Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.