Sublethal biochemical, histopathological and genotoxicological effects of short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin in catfish Rhamdia quelen

Rafael Shinji Akiyama Kitamura; Maiara Vicentini; Maiara Carolina Perussolo; Juliana Roratto Lirola; Camilla Freitas Cirilo Dos Santos; Júlio César Moreira Brito; Marta Margarete Cestari; Maritana Mela Prodocimo; Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes; Helena Cristina Silva de Assis

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118935

Sublethal biochemical, histopathological and genotoxicological effects of short-term exposure to ciprofloxacin in catfish Rhamdia quelen

Environ Pollut. 2022 May 1:300:118935. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118935. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Affiliations

¹ Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81537-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
² Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
³ Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
⁵ Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Rua Conde Pereira Carneiro, 80, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
⁶ Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81537-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
⁷ Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: helassis@ufpr.br.

PMID: 35131333
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118935

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is commonly detected in water worldwide, however, the ecotoxicological effects to aquatic biota is still not fully understood. In this study, using multiple biomarkers, it was investigated sublethal effects of short-term exposure to Cipro concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg.L^-1) in the Neotropical catfish Rhamdia quelen compared to non-exposure treatment (Control). After 96 h of exposure, the fishes were anesthetized for blood collection to hematological and genotoxicity biomarkers analysis. After euthanasia, the brain and muscle were sampled for biochemical biomarkers analyses. Gills, liver and posterior kidney for genotoxicity, biochemical and histopathological biomarkers analysis and anterior intestine for histopathological biomarkers analysis. Genotoxicity was observed in all tissues, regardless of the Cipro concentrations. Hematological alterations, such as reduction of the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, as well as in hematocrit concentration and histopathological damages, such as reduction of microridges in gill epithelium and necrosis in liver and posterior kidney, occurred mainly at 100 μg.L^-1. In addition, at 100 μg.L^-1, Cipro increased antioxidant system activity (Catalase in liver and posterior kidney). These results demonstrated that under short-term exposure, Cipro causes toxic effects in R. quelen that demands attention and surveillance of environmental aquatic concentrations of this antibiotic.

Keywords: Antibiotic toxicity; Biomarkers; Fluoroquinolones; ecotoxicology.

MeSH terms

Animals
Catfishes* / physiology
Ciprofloxacin / toxicity
Gills
Liver
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / toxicity

Substances

Water Pollutants, Chemical
Ciprofloxacin