Prevalence and phenotype of eating disorders in assisted reproduction: a systematic review

Reprod Health. 2022 Feb 7;19(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12978-022-01341-w.

Abstract

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are common conditions that mainly affect women of reproductive age and have a major impact on fertility. Our systematic review focuses on the prevalence of EDs in patients in the process of assisted reproductive technique (ART) and describes the phenotypes of EDs identified.

Methods: Our systematic review is based on the PRISMA criteria. Articles were collected using the Medline/Pubmed, Web Of Science and Cochrane databases. The articles chosen had to mention the prevalence of ED in infertile patients undergoing ART and be cohort or case-control studies assessing the prevalence of ED during fertility treatment.

Main findings: Fifteen articles were included in this review. The prevalence of active ED varied between 0.13 and 44% depending on the types considered in each study. The main phenotypes described were EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified) and binge eating disorders (BED) occurring in women with a normal body mass index (BMI) and a history of ED. Mainly subthreshold forms with cognitive distortions were described.

Conclusion: This review highlights a 6 times higher prevalence of EDs in infertile patients undergoing fertility treatment compared to regular pregnant women. However, diagnosing these conditions is complex. As a result, it is essential that professionals in contact with this population are alert to symptoms consistent with these conditions in order to refer them to specialized psychiatric care.

RéSUMé: INTRODUCTION: les troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) sont des pathologies fréquentes affectant principalement les femmes en âge de procréer avec un impact majeur sur la fertilité. Notre revue de la littérature s’intéresse à la prévalence du trouble chez les sujets inscrits dans un processus d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) et décrit les phénotypes des TCA repérés. MéTHODE: notre revue de la littérature se base sur les critères PRISMA. Les articles ont été collectés en utilisant les bases de données Medline/Pubmed, Web Of Science et Cochrane. Les articles sélectionnés devaient faire état de la prévalence des TCA chez les sujets infertiles recourant à une AMP, être des études de cohorte ou cas-témoins évaluant la prévalence des TCA au cours d’une AMP. RéSULTATS: quinze articles ont été inclus dans cette revue. Les prévalences de TCA actifs variaient entre 0,13 et 44% en fonction des formes considérées. Les principaux phénotypes décrits étaient les formes non spécifiques (EDNOS) et hyperphagiques (BED) survenant chez des femmes avec un indice de masse corporel (IMC) normal et présentant des antécédents de TCA. Il était décrit des formes subsyndromiques prédominées par des distorsions cognitives. CONCLUSION: cette revue met en évidence une prévalence de TCA supérieure chez les sujets infertiles recourant à une AMP par rapport aux femmes enceintes en population générales. Leur diagnostic est cependant complexe. Il est donc capital que les professionnels au contact de cette population soient vigilants aux symptômes évocateurs afin d’orienter vers une prise en charge spécialisée.

Keywords: Assisted reproductive technique; Eating disorders; Infertility; Psychiatry.

Plain language summary

Eating disorders are frequent pathologies that primarily affect women of childbearing age. Numerous articles reveal an increased risk for the mother and the child in case of an active disorder during pregnancy.We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence and phenotypes of eating disorders in infertile subjects undergoing fertility treatment.The results of the fifteen articles included show a prevalence six times higher than in pregnant women in the general population. Subjects with eating disorders have normal body mass indexes. The active forms are mainly characterized by episodes of binge eating disorders or other unspecified forms. Studies also describe incomplete forms characterized by the presence of dysfunctional thoughts around shape and weight without associated compensatory behavior.Professionals working in the field of reproductive medicine and providing fertility treatment have a major role to play in identifying and referring these subjects at risk to specialized care.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Feeding and Eating Disorders* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Phenotype
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnant Women
  • Prevalence
  • Reproduction