Organic Liquid Fertilizer Coupled With Single Application of Chemical Fertilization Improves Growth, Biomass, and Yield Components of Cotton Under Mulch Drip Irrigation

Xiao-Juan Shi; Xian-Zhe Hao; Nan-Nan Li; Jun-Hong Li; Feng Shi; Huan-Yong Han; Yu Tian; Yun Chen; Jun Wang; Hong-Hai Luo

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.763525

Organic Liquid Fertilizer Coupled With Single Application of Chemical Fertilization Improves Growth, Biomass, and Yield Components of Cotton Under Mulch Drip Irrigation

Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jan 20:12:763525. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763525. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Xiao-Juan Shi¹, Xian-Zhe Hao^{1

2}, Nan-Nan Li¹, Jun-Hong Li¹, Feng Shi¹, Huan-Yong Han², Yu Tian¹, Yun Chen², Jun Wang², Hong-Hai Luo¹

Affiliations

¹ The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
² Xinjiang Academy Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China.

Abstract

Excessive fertilization, low nutrient utilization rate, and continuous deterioration of cotton field environment have adversely affected the sustainable development of cotton in Xinjiang province of China. To overcome these issues, we hypothesized that an appropriate combination of liquid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (CF) would effectively reduce the input of CF without sacrificing the quality and yield of cotton. A 2-year field experiment explores the effects of three fertilization treatments on the growth, biomass accumulation, and yield of cotton. The three fertilization treatments, namely, no application of fertilizer (CK), the single application of CF, and the combined application of organic liquid fertilizer and CF (F0.6-F1.4), were set up in five ratios. Compared with CF treatment, the combined application of organic liquid fertilizer and CF treatments (F0.6-F1.2) speeded the growth period of cotton by 2-7 days with increased plant height, stem diameter, functional leaf width, and more number of branches, with 9.7-23.5 and 8.4-28.5% higher total plant biomass (TPB) and reproductive organs biomass (ROB), respectively. Compared with CF treatment, the rapid growth duration and maximum accumulation rate of reproductive organs were the highest in F0.8 treatment, with an average increase of 4.6 days and 20.3%. Increment in biomass accumulation contributed to an average increase of 21.8 and 18.9% in cotton boll number and yield, respectively, under F0.8 treatment. Principal component analysis shows that the total biomass, ROB, and total bolls per unit area were positively correlated with the yield, while stem diameter and vegetative organ biomass are negatively correlated with the yield. In conclusion, under film mulching with drip irrigation, organic liquid fertilizer combined with CF reduced by 20% (F0.8 treatment: N, P₂O₅, and K₂O were 182, 104, and 76 kg hm^-2, respectively) can sustain the normal growth, promote the accumulation rate of ROB, and lead to efficient cotton production.

Keywords: agronomic trait; biomass accumulation; cotton; organic liquid fertilizer; yield.