COVID-19 pandemic vaccination preparedness strategies for independent community pharmacies

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine independent community pharmacist preparedness for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and to identify strategies for COVID-19 pandemic vaccination implementation in Pennsylvania.

Methods: This study used a complementary mixed-methods approach to recruit independent community pharmacists to participate in an electronic survey and 2 virtually conducted focus groups before the availability of the first COVID-19 vaccine. Information was gathered and compiled into 5 topic areas: (1) workflow, (2) resources, (3) staff and patient safety, (4) communication, and (5) documentation and training. Data collection occurred between October and December 2020. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Focus group discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed. A directed, content analysis was conducted to identify strategies for each topic area, and supporting quotes were selected.

Results: A total of 88 and 11 independent community pharmacists participated in the survey and focus groups, respectively. Because of the small size of most independent pharmacies, participants recommended working with community partners to support off-site mass vaccination clinics. Leveraging partnerships with community organizations and universities could be used to support staffing for vaccination efforts. Using an appointment-based immunization model was identified as one tool to optimize patient and staff safety during the pandemic. Pharmacists suggested using existing scheduling tools and text messaging and automated phone calls for second-dose reminders. Finally, independent pharmacists recommended further training and process improvements to support vaccine documentation and transmission to the Pennsylvania Statewide Immunization Information System.

Conclusion: Recommendations from this study were used to support planning and preparation for COVID-19 vaccinations across Pennsylvania. Incorporation of pharmacists' ideas and recommendations on pandemic vaccination implementation is an important strategy to efficiently expand vaccination administration during pandemics.