Cocaine-related cervical spinal cord infarction: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Study design: Case report.

Objectives: To report a clinical case of spinal cord infarction due to cocaine use.

Setting: Spinal Center, IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Rome (Italy).

Case presentation: Two days after recreational use of cocaine, a 27-year-old Caucasic man was admitted to the emergency department for acute cervical pain, weakness in all four limbs, and urinary retention. A cervical spinal magnetic resonance imaging scan, performed after 2 days, showed a "pencil-like" lesion extending from C4 to T1 metamer, compatible with acute ischemia in the anterior spinal artery territory. Other causes of vascular disorders, as well as inflammatory and infectious disorders were ruled out. At admission in our department, the patient had an incomplete tetraplegia at level C6, an indwelling catheter, and was unable to stand and walk. After 3 months of rehabilitation, he had an AIS score D tetraplegia at level C7, was able to stand and walk using parallel bars, and indwelling catheter was replaced by intermittent catheterization.

Discussion and conclusions: The etiology of medullary infarction may remain unexplained in nearly 30-40% of cases. Even if rare, cocaine-induced ischemic myelopathy should be considered and ruled out in the differential diagnosis of any acute nontraumatic myelopathy, especially in young patients.

Keywords: Anterior spinal artery; Case report; Cocaine; Spinal cord ischemia; “Pencil-like” lesion.