Trichothecenes in food and feed: Occurrence, impact on human health and their detection and management strategies

Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Shikha Pandhi; Madhu Kamle; Akansha Gupta; Bharti Sharma; Brajesh Kumar Panda; Shubhangi Srivastava; Manoj Kumar; Raman Selvakumar; Arun Kumar Pandey; Priyanka Suthar; Shalini Arora; Arvind Kumar; Shirani Gamlath; Ajay Bharti; Pradeep Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.011

Trichothecenes in food and feed: Occurrence, impact on human health and their detection and management strategies

Toxicon. 2022 Mar:208:62-77. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.011. Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Authors

Dipendra Kumar Mahato¹, Shikha Pandhi², Madhu Kamle³, Akansha Gupta⁴, Bharti Sharma⁵, Brajesh Kumar Panda⁶, Shubhangi Srivastava⁷, Manoj Kumar⁸, Raman Selvakumar⁹, Arun Kumar Pandey¹⁰, Priyanka Suthar¹¹, Shalini Arora¹², Arvind Kumar¹³, Shirani Gamlath¹⁴, Ajay Bharti¹⁵, Pradeep Kumar¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. Electronic address: kumar.dipendra2@gmail.com.
² Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: shikhapandhi94@gmail.com.
³ Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India. Electronic address: madhu.kamle18@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: salonigupta.ag@gmail.com.
⁵ Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: sbharti51997@gmail.com.
⁶ Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, AB, T1K4K4, Canada. Electronic address: brajeshkumarpnd2@gmail.com.
⁷ Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address: shubhangi1305@yahoo.com.
⁸ Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India. Electronic address: manoj.kumar13@icar.gov.in.
⁹ Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India. Electronic address: selvakumarsingai@gmail.com.
¹⁰ MMICT&BM(HM) Department, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India. Electronic address: akpandey.fst@gmail.com.
¹¹ Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India. Electronic address: sutharpriyanka709@gmail.com.
¹² Department of Dairy Technology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India. Electronic address: shaliniarora.luvas@gmail.com.
¹³ Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address: arvind00000@gmail.com.
¹⁴ CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia. Electronic address: shirani.gamlath@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁵ Department of Civil Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India. Electronic address: abt@nerist.ac.in.
¹⁶ Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, 791109, India. Electronic address: pkbiotech@gmail.com.

PMID: 35104534
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.01.011

Abstract

Trichothecenes (TCNs) are the mycotoxins produced by many fungal species such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys and pose a considerable health risk. Based on their characteristic functional moieties, they are divided into four categories: Type A (T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), harzianum A, neosolaniol (NEO) and trichodermin), Type B (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), trichothecin and fusarenon X), Type C (crotocin) and Type D (satratoxin G & H, roridin A and verrucarin A) with types A and B being the most substantial. TCNs cause growth retardation in eukaryotes, suppress seedling growth or regeneration in plants and could be a reason for animal reproductive failure. Due to the increased frequency of occurrence and widespread distribution of TCNs in food and feed, knowledge of their sources of occurrence is essential to strategise their control and management. Hence, this review provides an overview of various types and sources of TCNs, the associated biosynthetic pathways and genes responsible for production in food and feed. Further, various processing and environmental effects on TCNs production, detection techniques and management strategies are also briefly outlined.

Keywords: Detection and management strategies; Food and feed contamination; Human health; Trichothecenes.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Food Contamination / analysis
Fusarium*
Humans
Mycotoxins* / analysis
Mycotoxins* / toxicity
Trichothecenes* / analysis
Trichothecenes* / toxicity

Substances

Mycotoxins
Trichothecenes