The need for a wound dressing material that can accelerate wound healing is increasing and will last for a long time. In this study, cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeNP) incorporated poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-gelatin composite fiber membranes were fabricated using established electrospinning techniques for use as a low-cost sustainable wound dressing material. The obtained membranes were characterized for their morphology, and physical, mechanical and biological properties. The results showed that the membranes maintained an integrated morphology, and demonstrated water absorption and improved mechanical properties. An in vitro cell proliferation test confirmed that the cells presented better activities over the composite fiber membranes. In the rat scalding model, rapid wound recombination was observed. All these data suggested that electrospun CeNP incorporated PLLA-gelatin composite fiber membranes can be an ideal dressing substitute that can be used for wound healing applications. Furthermore, the use of biodegradable polymers and environmentally sustainable production technologies presented better sustainability for the commercial production of these composite membranes promoting tissue regeneration and scar remodeling.