Evaluation of a Prognostic Epigenetic Classification System in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

Christina Grimm; Carmen Diana Herling; Anastasia Komnidi; Michelle Hussong; Karl-Anton Kreuzer; Michael Hallek; Michal R Schweiger

doi:10.1177/11772719211067972

Evaluation of a Prognostic Epigenetic Classification System in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

Biomark Insights. 2022 Jan 19:17:11772719211067972. doi: 10.1177/11772719211067972. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Christina Grimm^{1

2}, Carmen Diana Herling^{3

4

5}, Anastasia Komnidi^{1

2}, Michelle Hussong^{1

2}, Karl-Anton Kreuzer^{3

4

5}, Michael Hallek^{3

4

5

6}, Michal R Schweiger^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
² Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
³ Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁴ German CLL Study Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁵ Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
⁶ Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

Background: Methylation at 5 CpG sites was previously shown to classify chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into 3 prognostic subgroups. Here, we aimed to validate the marker set in an additional cohort and to evaluate its clinical utility for CLL patient stratification.

Methods: We evaluated this epigenetic marker set in 79 German patients using bisulfite treatment followed by pyrosequencing and classification using a support vector machine-learning tool.

Results: The n-CLL, i-CLL, and m-CLL classification was detected in 28 (35%), 10 (13%), and 41 (51%) patients, respectively. Epigenetic grouping was associated with IGHV mutational status (P = 2 × 10^-12), isolated del13q (P = 9 × 10^-6), del17p (P = .015), complex karyotype (P = .005), VH-usage, and clinical outcome as time to first treatment (P = 1.4 × 10^-12) and overall survival (P = .003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified n-CLL as a factor for earlier treatment hazard ratio (HR), 6.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-16.4; P = .0002) compared to IGHV mutational status (HR 4.6, 95% CI 1.9-11.3, P = .0008). In addition, when comparing the prognostic value of the epigenetic classification system with the IGHV classification, epigenetic grouping performed better compared to IGHV mutational status using Kaplan-Meier estimation and allowed the identification of a third, intermediate (i-CLL) group. Thus, our study confirmed the prognostic value of the epigenetic marker set for patient stratification in routine clinical diagnostics.

Keywords: CLL; DNA methylation; epigenetic biomarker; prognosis.