Adrenal disease is a common problem in dogs and MRI is increasingly being used as an adjunctive diagnostic test. To date, the MRI features of normal canine adrenal glands have only been reported using 1.5-Tesla (T) MRI. The aims of this prospective, methods-comparison, exploratory study were to evaluate the effects of pulse sequence on the appearance of normal canine adrenal glands using 3 Tesla MRI. Six research beagle dogs were sampled and the following pulse sequences were acquired for each: (1) T2-weighted images using two-dimensional (2D) turbo spin-echo (TSE), single-shot spin-echo (SSTSE), and three-dimensional (3D) TSE, (2) T1-weighted images using 2D TSE, 3D TSE, and 3D turbo field echo sequences, (3) post-contrast T1-weighted images, and (4) chemical shift imaging. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were measured for each dog and each pulse sequence. The signal intensity, clarity of the contour, distinction of the corticomedullary junction, degrees of motion, partial volume, and chemical shift artifact, and homogeneity of the contrast enhancement were evaluated qualitatively. In all sequences, except for chemical shift imaging, the adrenal glands were visualized in both planes with successful control of motion artifacts by manual ventilation. The adrenal contour was considered to be most clearly visualized with 2D TSE. Adrenal images were acquired within the shortest time using SSTSE although the contour was less clearly visualized than with TSE. Findings from this study in normal dogs can serve as background for further 3.0-T MRI studies of dogs with adrenal disease.
Keywords: 3.0-T; adrenal gland; dog; magnetic resonance imaging.
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