Gold and Platinum Nanoparticle-Functionalized TiO2 Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Glucose Sensing

Zhuo Yang; Wei Xu; Bingdong Yan; Baiqiang Wu; Jinxin Ma; Xiaohong Wang; Bin Qiao; Jinchun Tu; Hua Pei; Delun Chen; Qiang Wu

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c06787

Gold and Platinum Nanoparticle-Functionalized TiO₂ Nanotubes for Photoelectrochemical Glucose Sensing

ACS Omega. 2022 Jan 6;7(2):2474-2483. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06787. eCollection 2022 Jan 18.

Authors

Zhuo Yang¹, Wei Xu¹, Bingdong Yan¹, Baiqiang Wu¹, Jinxin Ma¹, Xiaohong Wang¹, Bin Qiao², Jinchun Tu¹, Hua Pei², Delun Chen¹, Qiang Wu²

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
² Department of Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.

Abstract

Developing stable photoelectrochemistry (PEC) glucose biosensors with high sensitivity and a low detection limit is highly desirable in the biosensor field. Herein, a highly sensitive and stable enzymatic glucose PEC biosensor is rationally designed and fabricated using a TiO₂NTs/Au/Pt/GOx electrode. First, we prepared one-dimensional TiO₂ nanotube arrays which could realize the orthogonalization of the light-incident direction and the carrier diffusion direction via anodization. Subsequently, we used the method of photoassisted deposition for anchoring Pt nanoparticles on TiO₂NTs after electrodepositing Au nanoparticles. Among them, Au nanoparticles promote light absorption via the surface plasmon resonance effect and the separation of photogenerated carriers through forming a Schottky junction. Moreover, the Pt nanoparticles on the electrode surface can react with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generated from glucose (Glu) oxidation by glucose oxidase (GOx), accelerating the electron-transfer process during glucose oxidation and greatly improving the sensitivity of the glucose biosensor. As a result, TiO₂NTs/Au/Pt/GOx exhibited excellent PEC performance, achieving a high sensitivity of 81.93 μA mM^-1 cm^-2 and a low detection limit (1.39 μM), far exceeding the performance of TiO₂NTs/M/GOx (M = Au, Pt). Therefore, the introduction of Pt nanoparticles as active substances to promote enzymatic reactions is important for designing high-performance enzyme biosensors.