Blood concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters in dogs from thrace region, Turkey

Fulya Altinok-Yipel; Mustafa Yipel; Nuri Altuğ; Nurullah Özdemir

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133649

Blood concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters in dogs from thrace region, Turkey

Chemosphere. 2022 Apr:293:133649. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133649. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Authors

Fulya Altinok-Yipel¹, Mustafa Yipel², Nuri Altuğ³, Nurullah Özdemir⁴

Affiliations

¹ Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Samandağ Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Science, Hatay, 31060, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: fulya.altinokyipel@mku.edu.tr.
² Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 31060, Hatay, Turkey.
³ Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
⁴ Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey.

PMID: 35063565
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133649

Abstract

Environmental exposure to potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) leads to health problems in animals as well as in humans. Dogs can be used as bioindicators for health status of both environment, animals and humans. The study material consisted of a total of 140 dogs from Thrace region in Turkey. Essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) PTEs concentrations of blood samples were determined by ICP-MS. In addition, hemogram (RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, WBC, HGB, PLT) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) levels were determined. The possible correlations between PTEs and blood parameters were investigated. The results were compared according to gender, age (<2, 2-5, >5 years), sampled location with hemogram and biochemistry data. Essential element concentrations (ppb) were sorted as Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Co, and non-essentials were As > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd. There were statistically important negative or positive correlations between elements and hematological (except Fe and Cd), and biochemical parameters (except Ni) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was determined that Pb concentrations (9.34-23.30 ng ml^-1) were below the concentrations considered to be toxic in all locations, Cu concentrations (475.35-521.98 ng ml^-1) were within the normal reference range, Zn (3229.65-4.265.00 ng ml^-1) were higher than the reference values in all locations. Since the concentrations of elements and correlations between hematological, biochemical parameters as well as gender, age, and location in an area with heavy urban and industrial activity; indicate that the situation may be similar for other living things in the region, it constitutes a starting point for studies to be carried out in this direction.

Keywords: Biochemistry; Blood; Correlation; Dog; Hematology; Potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs).

MeSH terms

Animals
Dogs
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Mercury*
Metals, Heavy* / analysis
Risk Assessment
Soil Pollutants* / analysis
Trace Elements*
Turkey

Substances

Metals, Heavy
Soil Pollutants
Trace Elements
Mercury