Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. There are no standard therapeutic guidelines for extramedullary invasion (EM). We performed a retrospective integrated transcriptomic analysis based on GEO, TCGA, and Oncomine datasets with a total of over 2,500 cases enrolled. GSVA analysis was performed on GSE24080. The external validation cohorts include GSE9782, GSE2658, MMRF-COMPASS, and Oncomine. The data of MGUS to relapsed MM were acquired from GSE6477, GSE5900, and Oncomine. The data of EM were acquired from GSE39683 and GSE66291. Single-cell level transcriptome data of MM and EM were acquired from GSE106218. GSVA analysis revealed that 559 cases could be divided into 2 groups based on the expression of oncogenic pathways with prognostic significances. Group 1 with a specific phenotype of YAP1-MYC+ exhibited an unpromising prognosis. The univariate analysis revealed YAP1 as a tumor suppressor in MM. The activity of DNA repair, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation was significantly higher in YAP1-MYC+ MM, which is in concordance with EM myeloma cells based on single-cell analysis. Furthermore, we discovered that YAP1-MYC+ MM patients exhibited an improved response for IMiD treatment. Collectively, YAP1-MYC+MM patients might suffer a worse prognosis and stronger propensity for EM progression.
Keywords: YAP1; bioinformatics; extramedullary invasion; multiple myeloma; therapy.
Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Sun, Yi, Zhang, Wang, Lan, Zhang, Xian and Li.