Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-((4-Bisarylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile Derivatives as HCV Entry Inhibitors

J Med Chem. 2022 Feb 10;65(3):2107-2121. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01637. Epub 2022 Jan 20.

Abstract

Viral entry inhibitors are absent in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment regimens although a dozen direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are available now. Based on a previously identified HCV entry inhibitor L0909, chemical space exploration and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the discovery of a new derived scaffold 2-((4-bisarylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile. Several new scaffold derivatives exhibited higher in vitro anti-HCV activity at low nanomolar concentrations compared to L0909. A biological study indicated that the high potency of active derivatives 3d, 3h, and 3i was primarily driven by the inhibitory effect on the virus entry stage. Moreover, an SPR experiment confirmed that this class of derivatives might target the HCV E1 protein. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that compounds 3d and 3i are orally available and long-lasting in rat plasma after oral administration to rats by a single dose of 15 mg/kg. In conclusion, this work provided a novel 2-((4-bisarylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzonitrile chemotype deserving further investigation into its antiviral therapeutic potential.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antiviral Agents / metabolism
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacokinetics
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Cell Line
  • Drug Design
  • Half-Life
  • Hepacivirus / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Nitriles / chemistry*
  • Nitriles / metabolism
  • Nitriles / pharmacokinetics
  • Nitriles / pharmacology
  • Piperazine / chemistry
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / chemistry
  • Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Internalization / drug effects

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • E1 protein, Hepatitis C virus
  • Nitriles
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Piperazine
  • benzonitrile