In Vitro Assessment of the Cercaricidal Activity of Sida acuta Burm. F. and Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) Hydroethanolic Extracts, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Studies

Ulrich Membe Femoe; Joseph Bertin Kadji Fassi; Hermine Boukeng Jatsa; Yannick Leonel Tchoffo; David Carel Amvame Nna; Blaise Cédric Kamdoum; Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba; Billy Toussie Tchegnitegni; Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui; Norbert Sewald; Bruno Ndjakou Lenta; Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuente; Theophile Dimo

doi:10.1155/2022/7281144

In Vitro Assessment of the Cercaricidal Activity of Sida acuta Burm. F. and Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) Hydroethanolic Extracts, Cytotoxicity, and Phytochemical Studies

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jan 10:2022:7281144. doi: 10.1155/2022/7281144. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Ulrich Membe Femoe^{1

2}, Joseph Bertin Kadji Fassi^{1

2}, Hermine Boukeng Jatsa^{1

2}, Yannick Leonel Tchoffo^{1

2}, David Carel Amvame Nna^{1

2}, Blaise Cédric Kamdoum³, Steven Collins Njonte Wouamba⁴, Billy Toussie Tchegnitegni⁵, Bonaventure Tchaleu Ngadjui³, Norbert Sewald⁵, Bruno Ndjakou Lenta⁴, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuente^{1

2}, Theophile Dimo¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
² Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, P.O. Box 7244, Yaounde, Cameroon.
³ Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon.
⁵ Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. BOX 100131, D-33501, Bielefeld, Germany.

Abstract

Despite the global efforts, schistosomiasis remains a public health problem in several tropical and subtropical countries. One of the major challenges in the fight against schistosomiasis is the interruption of the parasite life cycle. Here, we evaluated the anticercarial, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical profiles of Sida acuta (HESa) and Sida rhombifolia (HESr) hydroethanolic extracts (Malvaceae). Schistosoma mansoni cercaria was collected from fifteen Biomphalaria pfeifferi-infected snails. Twenty-five cercariae were incubated in duplicate with different concentrations (31.25-1,000 μg/mL) of HESa or HESr. The cercaria viability was monitored at 30 min time intervals for 150 min, and the concentration-response curve of each plant extract was used to determine their respective lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀). Additionally, the cytotoxicity profile of each plant extract was evaluated on the Hepa 1-6 cell line at a concentration range of 15.625-1,000 µg/mL using the WST-8 assay method and its inhibitory concentration 50 (IC₅₀) was calculated. Moreover, phytochemical characterization of each plant extract was carried out by HPLC-MS. Both extracts exhibited cercaricidal activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. At 30 min time point, HESa (LC₅₀ = 28.41 ± 3.5 µg/mL) was more effective than HESr (LC₅₀ = 172.42 ± 26.16 µg/mL) in killing S. mansoni cercariae. Regarding the cytotoxicity effect of both extracts, the IC₅₀ of HESa (IC₅₀ = 109.67 µg/mL) was lower than that of HESr (IC₅₀ = 888.79 µg/mL). The selectivity index was 3.86 and 5.15 for HESa and HESr, respectively. Fifteen compounds were identified from HESa and HESr after HPLC-MS analysis. N-Feruloyltyramine, a polyphenol, and thamnosmonin, a coumarin, were identified in both extracts. HESa and HESr displayed cercaricidal activity and were not toxic on Hepa 1-6 cell line. Based on the selectivity index of these extracts, S. rhombifolia extract could be more effective on S. mansoni cercariae than S. acuta extract. This study could provide baseline information for further investigations aiming to develop plant-based alternative drugs against S. mansoni.