What a difference a gas makes: Effect of foaming on dynamic aroma release and perception of a model dairy matrix

Abstract

When we are trying to decrease caloric intake by reducing fat content, aroma perception of the food is changed as well. Since previous studies indicated that foaming changes the aroma release, it was our goal to understand the physico-chemical background of this effect. Therefore, ten aroma compounds were added to a foamed acidified dairy matrix (4% milk protein, 1% gelatin, 60% gas volume). We simulated oral temperature conditions in a simplistic way through incubation at 40 °C and analyzed aroma release using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Significantly more highly hydrophobic aroma compounds were released from the foamed matrix than the unfoamed matrix, while compounds of intermediate hydrophobicity were released more from unfoamed matrix. The effect was independent from foam collapse and persisted for hours afterwards. Analytical results were complemented by orthonasal and retronasal sensory perception studies, which confirmed significant differences between aroma release behavior from foamed foods.

Keywords: 2-Dodecenal, (E)-dodec-2-enal (PubChem CID: 5283361); Allyl isothiocyanate, 3-isothiocyanatoprop-1-ene (PubChem CID: 5971); Aroma release; Aroma-matrix interaction; Dairy matrix; Diacetyl, butane-2,3-dione(PubChem CID: 650); Ethyl butanoate (PubChem CID: 7762); Ethyl vinyl ketone, pent-1-en-3-one (PubChem CID: 15394); Foam; Hydrophobicity; Kinetics; Limonene, 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene (PubChem CID: 22311); Maize thiazolin, 1-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanone (PubChem CID: 169110); Methyl salicylate, methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (PubChem CID: 4133); Thymol, 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenol (PubChem CID: 6989); d-Camphor, (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one (PubChem CID: 159055).