Stress stimulates both the sympathetic-adrenomedullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes. Activation of these axes results in the release of catecholamines, which in turn affects salivary secretion. Thus, repetitive stimulation of the α1-adrenergic receptor could be useful for studying the effects of chronic stress on the salivary gland. Salivary protein concentration and kallikrein activity were significantly lower in mice following chronic phenylephrine (PHE) administration. Chronic PHE administration led to significantly increased expression of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcription factor 4, and activating transcription factor 6. Histological analyses revealed a decrease in the size of the serous cell and apical cytoplasm. These results suggest that repetitive pharmacological stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system elicits ER stress and translational suppression. In addition, PHE-treated mice exhibited a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ influx elicited by carbachol, a muscarine receptor agonist in the submandibular gland. The present findings suggest that chronic psychological, social, and physical stress could adversely affect Ca2+ regulation.
Keywords: Ca2+; Endoplasmic reticulum stress response; Kallikrein; Stress; α1-Adrenoceptor agonist.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.