Objective: To determine transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) parameters related to unfavorable outcomes, and to clarify the correlations between those parameters and heart functions in acute ischemic stroke without major vessel stenoses and occlusions.
Materials and methods: Patients were selected from a comprehensive stroke center between October 2012 and June 2019. Inclusion criteria were: 1) acute ischemic stroke without major vessel stenoses and occlusions; and 2) ability to measure blood flow in the middle cerebral artery by TCD. Unfavorable outcomes were defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 2-6 at 3 months after onset. First, we investigated TCD parameters related to unfavorable outcomes. Second, correlations between those parameters and heart functions as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography were evaluated.
Results: We screened 1,527 consecutive ischemic stroke patients, including 130 patients (109 [83%] male; median age, 60 years). Middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (M1 PI) (Odds ratio (OR) 0.057, 95%confidence interval (CI) 0.007-0.494, p = 0.009) was independently associated with unfavorable outcomes. Concerning the relation between M1 PI and heart functions, peak early filling velocity/velocity of mitral annulus early diastolic motion (E/e') (OR 1.195, 95%CI 1.011-1.413, p = 0.037) was a factor independently associated with high M1 PI.
Conclusions: High M1 PI predicts unfavorable outcome regardless of ischemic stroke subtype without major vessel stenoses and occlusions. High M1 PI correlates with high E/e', suggesting diastolic dysfunction.
Keywords: Diastolic function; Ischemic stroke; Prognosis; Transcranial Doppler; Transthoracic echocardiology.
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