Superficial temporal artery capillary perforator-based island flap for conchal bowl and external auditory canal reconstruction

Abstract

Background: Reconstruction of the auricle is challenging to surgeons as a result of its complex anatomy. Defects including the conchal bowl and the external auditory canal (EAC) do not accept imperfection as functional consequences may add to aesthetic ones. Local flaps that are relying mainly on posteriorly based auricle flaps do not represent ideal solutions. This study aims to report the perforator modification of an anteriorly based pre-auricular flap that matches all requires goals of reconstruction.

Methods: From 2015 to 2019, three capillary perforator-based island flaps (c-PBIF), with the Superficial Temporal Artery (STA) as source pedicle, were performed to reconstruct a combined Conchal Bowl-External Auditory Canal (CB-EAC) defect, secondary to basal cell carcinoma resection. Free margins were obtained via the Tubigen micrographic approach. All three flaps were raised on the perforator originating from the superficial temporal pedicle. In 2 of the cases, the perforator was found at the level of the tragus while in the last case, it was found 1cm more distal. Capillary perforators were isolated and dissected down to their origin from the STA thereby increasing their arc of rotation and pliability. The median follow-up time was 4 years.

Results: All flaps survived. Aesthetic results were excellent leaving no distortion of the external ear and the hollow aspect of the conchal was well supported. The tragus mount was preserved, EAC lining was secured, and good audition was restored with no bulging of the flap into the canal in all the cases.

Conclusion: Harvesting pre-auricular flaps as c-PBIFs are safe and acts as an excellent solution for the reconstruction of the challenging combined CB-EAC defect. It allows a one-stage reconstruction that does not need a secondary revision, it also gives excellent correction and functional results. We would recommend it as a useful option for the reconstruction of the conchal-EAC defects.

Keywords: Conchal bowl reconstruction; External Auditory Canal reconstruction; Perforant de l’artère temporale superficielle; Reconstruction de la conque; Reconstruction du canal auditif externe; Superficial Temporal Artery Perforator.