Stem cell-derived exosomes and copper sulfide nanoparticles attenuate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders induced by cadmium in rats

Asmaa Magdy Zaazaa; Bosy Azmy Abd El-Motelp; Naglaa A Ali; Ahmed M Youssef; Mohamed Aly Sayed; Safaa H Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08622

Stem cell-derived exosomes and copper sulfide nanoparticles attenuate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders induced by cadmium in rats

Heliyon. 2021 Dec 16;8(1):e08622. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08622. eCollection 2022 Jan.

Authors

Asmaa Magdy Zaazaa¹, Bosy Azmy Abd El-Motelp¹, Naglaa A Ali², Ahmed M Youssef³, Mohamed Aly Sayed⁴, Safaa H Mohamed²

Affiliations

¹ Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, AsmaaFahmy Street Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
² Hormones Department, Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
³ Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Animal Reproduction and A. I., Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

The goal of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs-Exo) and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) as biomaterials in order to understand the mechanisms that contribute to overcoming cadmium (Cad) induced neurological disorders in rats. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 10): group 1 was served as a negative control and receive vehicle saline (Con), group 2 Positive control groups were received Cad as cadmium chloride at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for six weeks (Cad group), group 3 was received Cad plus MSCs-Exo as a single dose of 100 μLi. v. (Cad + MSCs-Exo), group 4 was received Cad plus CuSNPs at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg orally (Cad + CuSNPs), group 5 was received Cad + MSCs-Exo + CuSNPs for six weeks. However, the activities of each acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), total antioxidant status (TAC) were measured. Also, the levels of ROS, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were evaluated. Beneficial effects on the behavior of animals were observed after treatment with MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs. Furthermore, the administration of MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs have been improve the TAC, BDNF and NGF via ameliorating the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Moreover, Histopathological studies had shown that great development in the brain of Cad rats treated with MSCs-Exo and CuSNPs. In conclusion, this study offers an overview of innovative stem cell therapy techniques and how to integrate them with nanotechnology to boost therapeutic performance.

Keywords: Cadmium; Exosomes; Nanotechnology; Neurological disorders; Stem cells.