The association of social capital with depression and quality of life in school-aged children

Hiroyuki Mori; Michio Takahashi; Masaki Adachi; Hiroki Shinkawa; Tomoya Hirota; Tomoko Nishimura; Kazuhiko Nakamura

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262103

The association of social capital with depression and quality of life in school-aged children

PLoS One. 2022 Jan 13;17(1):e0262103. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262103. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hiroyuki Mori^{1

2}, Michio Takahashi^{1

3}, Masaki Adachi^{1

3}, Hiroki Shinkawa¹, Tomoya Hirota^{2

4}, Tomoko Nishimura⁵, Kazuhiko Nakamura^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
² Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
³ Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
⁵ Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.

Abstract

Social capital is an important factor that affects mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social capital and depression and between social capital and quality of life (QoL) in children in elementary and junior high school and to examine how this relationship differs in relevant patterns at both the individual- and school-level. The study was conducted in all elementary and junior high schools in a single municipality; the subjects consisted of 3,722 elementary school and 3,987 junior high school students (aged from 9 to 15). A multilevel linear mixed effect model analysis revealed that all three subscales of social capital were associated with depression and QoL at the individual-level: The school social capital at the individual-level showed the strongest association with depression and QoL. We also found that some of social capital at the school-level was associated with depression and QoL. An interactive effect was observed between educational stage (elementary and junior high) and some of social capital subscales. Specifically, the inverse association between school social capital and depression was stronger among the junior high students, while the positive association between school and neighborhood social capital and QoL was stronger among the elementary students. These interactions suggest that social capital impacts depression and QoL differently in elementary and junior high students. These findings suggest that the degree of association of social capital domains differs in mental health among the educational stage.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Depression / pathology*
Female
Humans
Male
Quality of Life*
Schools
Social Capital*
Students / psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Hirosaki Institute of Neuroscience in Japan, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number JP19gk0110036(M.A. and K.N.), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, grant number JP20K14043 (H.M.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.