Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome - a longitudinal study of a case over 33 years: case report and review of the literature

Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2021 Apr-Jun;62(2):563-568. doi: 10.47162/RJME.62.2.23.

Abstract

Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) syndrome [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) #115150] is characterized by craniofacial dysmorphism, heart malformation, ectodermal abnormalities, neuromotor delay and intellectual disability. It is not a frequent disease, about 300 cases have been reported in the medical literature. We describe the case of a 34-year-old patient presenting with CFC syndrome phenotype, monitored since the age of 1 1∕2 years. Clinical findings included craniofacial dysmorphism, development delay, heart malformation and severe intellectual disability. The evolution was with progressive intellectual disability, hypogonadism, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, wrinkled palms and soles. Molecular analysis showed a heterozygous variant in the B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine∕threonine kinase (BRAF) gene (7q34): NM_001354609.2:c.1502A>G, with pathogenic significance. We report this case, observed along a period of 33 years, for illustration of clinical evolutive particularities, and for difficulties in establishing the positive diagnosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Ectodermal Dysplasia* / genetics
  • Facies
  • Failure to Thrive
  • Heart Defects, Congenital* / genetics
  • Humans
  • Intellectual Disability* / genetics
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf

Substances

  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf

Supplementary concepts

  • Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome