Assessment of Oral Health and Prevalence of oral Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Subjects Visiting Antiretroviral Therapy Centers

Wagisha Barbi; Kumari Shalini; Anjali Kumari; Vaibhava Raaj; Hitesh Gupta; Preeti Gauniyal; Priyadarshini Rangari

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_256_21

Assessment of Oral Health and Prevalence of oral Conditions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Subjects Visiting Antiretroviral Therapy Centers

J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021 Nov;13(Suppl 2):S1470-S1473. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_256_21. Epub 2021 Nov 10.

Authors

Wagisha Barbi¹, Kumari Shalini², Anjali Kumari³, Vaibhava Raaj⁴, Hitesh Gupta⁵, Preeti Gauniyal⁶, Priyadarshini Rangari⁷

Affiliations

¹ Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
² Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.
³ Reader, Department of oral medicine and radiology, Buddha Institute Of Dental Sciences And Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India.
⁴ Department of Periodontics, Dental Officer, ECHS Polyclinic, Ministry of Defence, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, India.
⁵ Department Of Conservative Dentistry And Endodontics, Himachal Institute Of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, Himachal institute of dental sciences, Paonta sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India.
⁷ Associate professor, Department of Dentistry, Sri Shankaracharya Medical College, Bhilai, Durg Chhattisgarh, India.

Abstract

Background: Weakened immune system from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) makes the individual prone to various opportunistic infections which are life-threatening including various carcinomas and disorders affecting the neurological system.

Aims: The present trial was done to assess the prevalence of oral presentations and treatment needs in AIDS/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects visiting antiretroviral therapy centers.

Materials and methods: The study included 126 subjects. Oral cavity was assessed and dentition, periodontal condition, and lesions and conditions affecting the oral mucosa were identified along with their treatment needs. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.

Results: Candidiasis was seen in 25.39% (n = 32) of total subjects. Concerning the periodontal status of HIV-infected study population, it was seen that maximum attachment loss both in males and females was within the range of 0-3 mm. Regarding decayed, missing, and filled teeth scores, these were statistically significantly higher in males (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: The present study concluded that the majority of subjects infected with HIV present one or more oral presentation and lesion, with candidiasis being the most common condition.

Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; antiretroviral therapy; candidiasis; dentition status; human immunodeficiency virus; treatment needs.