Background: Diabetes is a well-known predisposing factor for oral diseases, so prevention in an early age is mandatory.
Objective: To provide oral screening for children living with type 1 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the oral and general health indexes of T1DM children and compare these data to healthy siblings and controls.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 DM patients and 78 siblings, thereafter 80 DM children and 95 controls, took part. A detailed questionnaire, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms were obtained in every orthodontic consultation. We used Pearson's chi-square test for statistical analysis and compared the data of the study and control groups.
Results: The oral health values of DM children were significantly better (DMF-T 0.83-1.3) than the national average (3.8-4.5). A total of 75% (n = 60) of the children needed orthodontic treatment for orthodontic or skeletal anomalies. The prevalence of skeletal anomalies was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the control group. The frequency of coeliac disease was significantly elevated compared to any literature data (1-3.5%) in the study (15%) and in the control sibling group (13%).
Conclusions: Co-morbidities such as CD should get more attention as a prognostic factor for a future higher incidence of diabetes. T1DM children can be motivated and health-conscious patients with excellent oral hygiene and dental status. Orthodontic treatment can help eliminate the oral complications of DM. Special diabetes ambulances may help provide oral care for patients with DM.
Keywords: coeliac disease; diabetes mellitus; oral health; orthodontics; type 1 diabetes mellitus.