Abstract
Cells are richly equipped with nuclear receptors, which act as ligand-regulated transcription factors. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor family, have been extensively studied for their roles in development, differentiation, and homeostatic processes. In the recent past, there has been substantial interest in understanding and defining the functions of PPARs and their agonists in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses as well as their pharmacologic potential in combating acute and chronic inflammatory disease. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence of the potential roles of the PPAR subtypes in macrophage biology. We also discuss the roles of dual and pan PPAR agonists as modulators of immune cell function, microbial infection, and inflammatory diseases.
Keywords:
PPAR; PPAR a; PPAR agonist; PPAR γ; inflammatory disease; macrophage.
Copyright © 2021 Toobian, Ghosh and Katkar.
Publication types
-
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Adaptive Immunity / drug effects
-
Adaptive Immunity / genetics
-
Animals
-
Disease Models, Animal
-
Feedback, Physiological
-
Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
-
Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
-
Humans
-
Immunity, Innate / drug effects
-
Immunity, Innate / genetics
-
Immunologic Factors / pharmacology*
-
Immunologic Factors / therapeutic use
-
Infections / drug therapy
-
Infections / immunology
-
Infections / microbiology
-
Inflammation / drug therapy
-
Inflammation / immunology
-
Macrophages / drug effects
-
Macrophages / immunology*
-
Macrophages / metabolism
-
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / agonists
-
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / genetics
-
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / metabolism*
-
Protein Isoforms / agonists
-
Protein Isoforms / genetics
-
Protein Isoforms / metabolism
Substances
-
Immunologic Factors
-
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
-
Protein Isoforms