Factors associated with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in the oral cavity of high school students from the city of Cali (Colombia)

Abstract

Introduction: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is classified as a group 1 carcinogen. The main route of EBV transmission is oral, through saliva. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity in high school students in the city of Cali (Colombia).

Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study in order to determine the frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity, the reasons for its prevalence and its association with several factors, in 1565 individuals. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene, oral health, sexual behavior, cigarrete smoking and alcohol intake. The association between the EBV detection and the variables evaluated was done through a generalized linear regression model with logarithmic linkage and Poisson distribution with robust variance.

Results: The percentage of exposure to EBV in the oral cavity was 38.40% (CI 95%: 36.02-40.84). The frequency of presenting EBV exposure was 22% higher in men and the risk increased according to sexual behaviour. An inverse association with the school grade was found: the eleventh-grade participants had 27% less frequency of exposure to EBV than the lower grades (sixth to eighth). When analyzing the logistic model to study the association between EBV detection and independent variables, the association was overestimated. The overestimation ranged from 27% to 47% depending on the type of variable.

Conclusions: The frequency of EBV detection in the oral cavity of healthy students was similar to that previously described. Factors associated to sexual behavior increased the risk of opportunity to be exposed to EBV.

Keywords: Cross-sectional studies; Epstein–Barr virus; Estudiantes; Estudios transversales; Prevalence ratio; Razón de prevalencias; Students; Virus de Epstein-Barr.