Electromembrane extraction (EME) is an extraction method on the micro scale, in which charged compounds are extracted from a donor phase (sample solution) into an acceptor phase via a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing a water-immiscible organic solvent. To enhance the extraction efficiency and selectivity in this method, some studies have focused on the modification of the SLM, and thus many strategies have been reported for this purpose. One of these techniques is the introduction of nanomaterials in the SLM structure, which can enhance the extraction efficiency. In the current study, the different nanostructures used for SLM modification in the EME method are reviewed. Furthermore, the related analytical parameters of the developed techniques are classified and tabulated. It is hoped that this review will motivate further research in this field using other nanostructures.