Genome-wide identification of CCT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their expression analysis during vernalization

HongWei Zhang; Bo Jiao; FuShuang Dong; XinXia Liang; Shuo Zhou; HaiBo Wang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262147

Genome-wide identification of CCT genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their expression analysis during vernalization

PLoS One. 2022 Jan 5;17(1):e0262147. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262147. eCollection 2022.

Authors

HongWei Zhang^{1

2}, Bo Jiao², FuShuang Dong², XinXia Liang², Shuo Zhou², HaiBo Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
² Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

Abstract

Numerous CCT genes are known to regulate various biological processes, such as circadian rhythm regulation, flowering, light signaling, plant development, and stress resistance. The CCT gene family has been characterized in many plants but remains unknown in the major cereal wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Extended exposure to low temperature (vernalization) is necessary for winter wheat to flower successfully. VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), a specific CCT-containing gene, has been proved to be strongly associated with vernalization in winter wheat. Mutation of all VRN2 copies in three subgenomes results in the eliminated demands of low temperature in flowering. However, no other CCT genes have been reported to be associated with vernalization to date. The present study screened CCT genes in the whole wheat genome, and preliminarily identified the vernalization related CCT genes through expression analysis. 127 CCT genes were identified in three subgenomes of common wheat through a hidden Markov model-based method. Based on multiple alignment, these genes were grouped into 40 gene clusters, including the duplicated gene clusters TaCMF6 and TaCMF8, each tandemly arranged near the telomere. The phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into eight groups. The transcriptome analysis using leaf tissues collected before, during, and after vernalization revealed 49 upregulated and 31 downregulated CCT genes during vernalization, further validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Among the differentially expressed and well-investigated CCT gene clusters analyzed in this study, TaCMF11, TaCO18, TaPRR95, TaCMF6, and TaCO16 were induced during vernalization but decreased immediately after vernalization, while TaCO1, TaCO15, TaCO2, TaCMF8, and TaPPD1 were stably suppressed during and after vernalization. These data imply that some vernalization related CCT genes other than VRN2 may exist in wheat. This study improves our understanding of CCT genes and provides a foundation for further research on CCT genes related to vernalization in wheat.

MeSH terms

Chromosome Mapping
Cold Temperature
Flowers / genetics
Flowers / growth & development
Gene Expression Profiling / methods*
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Multigene Family
Photoperiod
Phylogeny
Plant Leaves / genetics
Plant Leaves / growth & development
Plant Proteins / chemistry
Plant Proteins / genetics*
Protein Domains
Sequence Analysis, RNA
Triticum / genetics
Triticum / growth & development*
Whole Genome Sequencing / methods*

Substances

Plant Proteins

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the HAAFS Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Project (grant number 2019-4-8-06), and the S&T Program of Hebei (grant number 20326306D). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.