Background and purpose - Intramedullary nails (IMN) have become increasingly common as treatment for trochanteric hip fractures (THF) although they are costlier, and without proven superiority compared with sliding hip screws (SHS). We investigated whether the 2 methods differ in terms of short-term mortality when used in fractures where both methods are suitable. Patients and methods - We extracted data from the Swedish Fracture Register (SFR) on 19,935 patients ≥ 60 years with trochanteric fractures AO type 31-A1 or -A2 who had been treated with either SHS or IMN. We assessed absolute mortality rates and the relative risks (RR) of death after 7, 30, 90, and 365 days using generalized linear models, adjusting for age, sex, and fracture type. We performed a sensitivity analysis on a subgroup of 3,673 patients with information on comorbidity to address this potential confounder. Results - 69% of the patients were women and mean age was 84 years (60-107). IMN was used in 35% of A1 and in 71% of A2 fractures. The use of IMN was associated with a slightly increased adjusted risk of death within 30 days compared with SHS (RR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) with no difference at any other time point. Interpretation - The slightly increased risk of death up to 30 days postoperatively does not support the use of IMN instead of SHS in stable THF.