A Compact Laser System for the Pulsed Optically Pumped Rubidium Cell Atomic Clock

IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2022 Mar;69(3):1137-1146. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2022.3140244. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Abstract

We describe the design and implementation of a compact laser system for the pulsed optically pumped (POP) rubidium (Rb) cell atomic clock. The laser system includes packaged optics for sub-Doppler absorption, acousto-optic modulation and light beam expansion, and dedicated electronics for laser diode reliable single-mode operation and laser frequency stabilization. With beat measurements between two identical laser systems, the laser frequency stability was found to be 3.0×10-12 for averaging times from 1 to 60 s and it reached 3.5×10-12 at 10 000 s averaging time. Based on the compact laser system, the short-term stability of the Rb cell atomic clock in pulsed regime was approximately [Formula: see text], which is in reasonable agreement with the estimated [Formula: see text]. The compact laser system is significant in terms of the development of transportable and high-performance Rb atomic clock prototypes.