Solid-State Fermentation With Aspergillus cristatus Enhances the Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Associated Skin Anti-aging Activity of Panax notoginseng

Sunmin Lee; Chagam Koteswara Reddy; Jeoung Jin Ryu; Seoyeon Kyung; Yonghwan Lim; Myeong Sam Park; Seunghyun Kang; Choong Hwan Lee

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.602135

Solid-State Fermentation With Aspergillus cristatus Enhances the Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Associated Skin Anti-aging Activity of Panax notoginseng

Front Microbiol. 2021 Dec 16:12:602135. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602135. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Sunmin Lee^{1

2}, Chagam Koteswara Reddy¹, Jeoung Jin Ryu³, Seoyeon Kyung³, Yonghwan Lim³, Myeong Sam Park³, Seunghyun Kang³, Choong Hwan Lee¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
² Resource Analysis Research Laboratory, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea.
³ COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

Abstract

A metabolomics approach was used to profile metabolites of Panax notoginseng fermented with Aspergillus cristatus in two ways, liquid-state fermentation (LF-P) and solid-state fermentation (SSF-P) and examine metabolite markers representing antioxidant activity and skin anti-aging. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) contents were higher in SSF-P than in LF-P and showed a multiplicative increase over the fermentation period of four days. PPD and PPT levels also correlated with antioxidant and anti-aging effects in skin, based on the mRNA expression of dermal extracellular matrix components. In the bioactivity validation assays, PPD and PPT significantly improved the expression of type-I collagen, fibrillin-1, and elastin in human dermal fibroblasts from both young and old subjects; these were comparable with the effects of the SSF-P extracts. Overall, our results suggest that changes in the metabolites of P. notoginseng fermented with A. cristatus enhance the quality and availability of bioactive compounds associated with skin anti-aging.

Keywords: Aspergillus cristatus; Panax notoginseng; mass spectrometry; protopanaxadiol; protopanaxatriol; skin anti-aging effect; solid-state fermentation.