The review is devoted to the summarizing of 35 years of research of ionizing radiation exposure and radionuclidesinhalation influence on the bronchopulmonary system of clean-up workers of the Chornobyl NPP accident. Radiationand hygienic preconditions for the formation of chronic respiratory pathology are considered, taking into accountthe dosimetric data of irradiation of the bronchopulmonary system.The main clinical symptoms, features of disorders of pulmonary ventilation capacity and endoscopic forms of lesionsof the bronchopulmonary system of participants in the liquidation of the accident were determined.On the basis of pathomorphological, microbiological and immunological researches the pathomorphosis of chronicnonspecific lung diseases in the conditions of the Chernobyl catastrophe is proved.It is proved that under combined influence of external irradiation and inhalation of a fragmentary mixture ofradionuclides in the condition of the Chernobyl catastrophe, the bronchopulmonary system has become one of themain «targets»-tissues, of realization of stochastic and nonstochastic effects.
Ogliad prysviachenyĭ uzagal'nenniu 35 rokiv doslidzhen' vplyvu ionizuiuchogo oprominennia ta ingaliatsiĭnogo nad-khodzhennia radionuklidiv na bronkholegenevu systemu uchasnykiv likvidatsiï naslidkiv avariï na Chornobyl's'kiĭAES. Rozglianuti radiatsiĭno-gigiienichni peredumovy formuvannia khronichnoï respiratornoï patologiï z urakhuvanniamdozymetrychnykh danykh oprominennia bronkholegenevoï systemy.Vyznacheni osnovna klinichna symptomatyka, osoblyvosti porushen' ventyliatsiĭnoï spromozhnosti legen' ta endos-kopichni formy urazhennia bronkholegenevoï systemy uchasnykiv likvidatsiï avariï.Na osnovi patomorfologichnykh, mikrobiologichnykh ta imunologichnykh doslidzhen' dovedeno patomorfoz khronichnykhnespetsyfichnykh zakhvoriuvan' legen' v umovakh Chornobyl's'koï katastrofy.Dovedeno, shcho pry kombinovanomu vplyvi zovnishn'ogo oprominennia ta ingaliatsiï oskolkovoï sumishi radionuklidivv umovakh Chornobyl's'koï katastrofy bronkholegeneva systema stala odniieiu z osnovnykh tkanyn-«misheneĭ» re-alizatsiï stokhastychnykh i nestokhastychnykh efektiv.
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; bronchopulmonary system; influence of ionizing radiation; inhalation of radionuclides; pathomorphosis of diseases.
V. O. Sushko, L. I. Shvaiko, K. D. Bazyka, O. V. Apostolova, O. O. Kolosynska.