Exosomal circRNAs: Emerging Players in Tumor Metastasis

Hao Zhou; Xiaoyun He; Yuxiang He; Chunlin Ou; Pengfei Cao

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.786224

Exosomal circRNAs: Emerging Players in Tumor Metastasis

Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Dec 8:9:786224. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786224. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Hao Zhou¹, Xiaoyun He², Yuxiang He³, Chunlin Ou⁴, Pengfei Cao^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
² Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
³ Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
⁴ Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
⁵ National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Metastasis is an important feature of malignant tumors, and is the primary cause of poor prognosis and treatment failure, in addition to representing a potentially fatal challenge for cancer patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 30-150 nm in diameter that transmit cargo, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as a means of intercellular communication. Exosomes play crucial roles in a range of human diseases, especially malignant tumors. A growing number of studies have verified that circRNAs can be enveloped in exosomes and transferred from secretory cells to recipient cells, thereby regulating tumor progression, especially tumor metastasis. Exosomal circRNAs regulate tumor cell metastasis not only by regulating the signaling pathways, but also by affecting the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomal circRNAs have the potential to serve as valuable diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which exosomal circRNAs modulate metastatic phenomena in various types of tumors, and put forward the prospects of clinical applications of exosomal circRNAs in tumor therapy.

Keywords: biomarkers; circRNAs; exosomes; therapy; tumor metastasis; tumor microenvironment.

Publication types

Review