Assessing mechanical vibration-altered wall shear stress in digital arteries

Abstract

The aim of this study is to implement and validate a method for assessing acute vibration-altered Wall Shear Stress (WSS) in the proper volar digital artery of the non-exposed left forefinger when subjecting the right hand to mechanical vibration. These changes of WSS may be involved in Vibration White Finger. Hence, an experimental device was set-up to link a vibration shaker and an ultra-high frequency ultrasound scanner. The Womersley-based WSS was computed by picking up the maximum velocity from pulse Wave Doppler measurements and extracting the artery diameter from B-mode images through an in-house image processing technique. The parameters of the former method were optimised on numerical ultrasound phantoms of cylindrical and lifelike arteries. These phantoms were computed with the FIELD II and FOCUS platforms which mimicked our true ultrasound device. The Womersley-based WSS were compared to full Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) and rigid wall models built from resonance magnetic images of a volunteer-specific forefinger artery. Our FSI model took into account the artery's surrounding tissues. The diameter computing procedure led to a bias of 4%. The Womersley-based WSS resulted in misestimating the FSI model by roughly 10% to 20%. No difference was found between the rigid wall computational model and FSI simulations. Regarding the WSS measured on a group of 20 volunteers, the group-averaged basal value was 3 Pa, while the vibration-altered WSS was reduced to 1 Pa, possibly triggering intimal hyperplasia mechanisms and leading to the arterial stenoses encountered in patients suffering from vibration-induced Raynaud's syndrome.

Keywords: FIELD II; FOCUS; Fluid structure interaction; Hand-arm vibration syndrome; Modelling; Proper volar artery; Pulsatile flow; Ultrasound; Vibration White Finger; Wall shear stress; Womersley.