Robust Self-Testing of Multiparticle Entanglement

Dian Wu; Qi Zhao; Xue-Mei Gu; Han-Sen Zhong; You Zhou; Li-Chao Peng; Jian Qin; Yi-Han Luo; Kai Chen; Li Li; Nai-Le Liu; Chao-Yang Lu; Jian-Wei Pan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.230503

Robust Self-Testing of Multiparticle Entanglement

Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Dec 3;127(23):230503. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.230503.

Authors

Dian Wu^{1

2}, Qi Zhao³, Xue-Mei Gu^{1

2}, Han-Sen Zhong^{1

2}, You Zhou⁴, Li-Chao Peng^{1

2}, Jian Qin^{1

2}, Yi-Han Luo^{1

2}, Kai Chen^{1

2}, Li Li^{1

2}, Nai-Le Liu^{1

2}, Chao-Yang Lu^{1

2}, Jian-Wei Pan^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
² CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.
³ Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
⁴ School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Republic of Singapore.

PMID: 34936806
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.230503

Abstract

Quantum self-testing is a device-independent way to certify quantum states and measurements using only the input-output statistics, with minimal assumptions about the quantum devices. Because of the high demand on tolerable noise, however, experimental self-testing was limited to two-photon systems. Here, we demonstrate the first robust self-testing for multiphoton genuinely entangled quantum states. We prepare two examples of four-photon graph states, the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with a fidelity of 0.957(2) and the linear cluster states with a fidelity of 0.945(2). Based on the observed input-output statistics, we certify the genuine four-photon entanglement and further estimate their qualities with respect to realistic noise in a device-independent manner.