Fears and freedoms: A qualitative analysis of older adults' basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness and beneficence

Australas J Ageing. 2022 Jun;41(2):229-236. doi: 10.1111/ajag.13009. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Abstract

Objectives: Self-determination theory posits three universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. Beneficence has recently been proposed as an important behaviour for improved well-being and eudaimonia. This study sought to qualitatively examine older adults' experiences of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration.

Methods: Three separate and simultaneous national online focus groups were undertaken over four consecutive days. Older Australians (n =103) explored home and community life. Themes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Older adults are challenged in satisfying their psychological needs, especially around the time - and after- they retire and as mobility decreases. Beneficence emerged as important for well-being, congruent with evidence that beneficence influences well-being beyond basic psychological need fulfilment.

Conclusions: Satisfactions and frustration may manifest differently for older adults than for other groups. Thus, their experiences may not adequately be captured by self-report measures. Novel themes of 'fears and freedoms' were identified in the study. Fear pertained to the loss of autonomy and the freedom to spend time as one wishes.

Keywords: aging; beneficence; online focus groups; self-determination theory; well-being.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Australia
  • Beneficence
  • Fear
  • Humans
  • Personal Autonomy*
  • Personal Satisfaction*