Objective: Physical exercise has showed potential in improving brain function and increase in cortical size. This study aims to assess the cortical changes that are associated with physical exercise.
Subjects and methods: We investigated 45 subjects; 25 of them involved in exercise group and 20 in non-exercise group. The exercise group underwent 6 months of intervention consisting of 40 minutes (min) of aerobic exercise and 20 minutes of anaerobic exercise. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired from both groups to measure the thickness of the cortex and was assessed with FreeSurfer software.
Results: Exercise group demonstrated significantly increased cortical thickness in the left pericalcarine area, left superior parietal area, right rostral middle frontal and right lateral occipital gyrus compared to non-exercise group.
Conclusions: Regular and continuous physical exercise can enhance brain structures. The current findings have important implications for understanding the effect of physical activity or fitness programs on the brains of healthy individuals and of patients with a range of conditions.