Induction of gut leakage in young broiler chickens fed a diet with low rye inclusion

Regiane R Santos; Marjolein A M Ooosterveer-van der Doelen; Monique H G Tersteeg-Zijderveld; Francesc Molist; Ronette Gehring

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08547

Induction of gut leakage in young broiler chickens fed a diet with low rye inclusion

Heliyon. 2021 Dec 4;7(12):e08547. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08547. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Authors

Regiane R Santos¹, Marjolein A M Ooosterveer-van der Doelen², Monique H G Tersteeg-Zijderveld³, Francesc Molist¹, Ronette Gehring²

Affiliations

¹ Schothorst Feed Research, PO Box 533, 8200 AM, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
² Veterinary Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacy, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 104-106, 3584 CM Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
³ Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the absence of a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzyme in a broiler diet containing a low level (10%) of rye inclusion. Two experimental groups with 40 Ross broilers each, were fed a diet containing 10% rye. One group was supplemented with a NSP enzyme, and the other was not supplemented with the enzyme to increase intestinal viscosity. The birds were fed the respective diets for 14 or 28 days. Intestinal sections were submitted to morphological, morphometric and mRNA-level gene expression analyses. To assess gut leakage, 150 min before euthanasia, broilers had no access to feed and received an oral gavage with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FITC-d). Serum levels of FITC-d, D-lactate, tight-junction-associated protein 1 (TJAP1), citrulline and ovotransferrin were determined. A significant increase in FITC-d levels was observed in the 14-day-old birds fed the non-supplemented rye diet, and no other serum markers were affected. These birds presented a decreased villus height/crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio and an increased degree of damage in the jejunum. The ileum VH:CD increased, and the goblet cell number decreased in 28-day-old birds fed the non-supplemented rye diet. When broilers were fed the non-supplemented rye diet, the mRNA expression of the tight-junction zona occludens 1 (ZO1) was significantly decreased in the jejunum of 14-day-old broilers, whereas a significant decrease in jejunum mRNA expression of ZO2 and mucin-2 (MUC2) was observed in the jejunum of 28-day-old broilers. In contrast, a significant increase in the mRNA expression of ZO2 was observed in the ileum from 28-day-old broilers fed the non-supplemented rye diet. In conclusion, a 10% rye diet causes intestinal stress in young broiler chickens when the feed is not supplemented with a NSP enzyme. This study may be applied as experimental model of mild gut leakage of broiler chickens.

Keywords: Dietary challenge; Gene expression; Histology; Intestinal permeability; Serum.