Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical manifestations of patients with orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: A retrospective study on orofacial pain was conducted for 3 425 patients diagnosed as TMD based on clinical symptoms and signs in the Department of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University. The patients included 1 158 males and 2 267 females with a median age of 32 years. The gender, age, course of disorders, pattern and site of pain, CT imaging diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were analyzed. The distribution of gender, age and disorder course interval were described. The differences in frequency of the pattern and site of pain, imaging diagnosis in different gender, age and disease course interval were compared. Chi-square test and non-parametric rank sum test were performed using software SPSS 23.0. Results: Of the 3 425 patients, 29.1% (997/3 245) had signs of joint popping, and 40.1% (1 373/3 425) had restricted opening. The pain frequency was higher in males who had disorder course less than 1 month (P<0.01) and also in males who had open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain without tenderness or other pain without tenderness (P<0.05). However, the pain frequency was higher in females who had tenderness (P<0.01). The pain frequencies in those over 56 years old with tenderness combined with open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain were higher than in patients of other ages (P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in males was higher than females(P<0.01), while the frequency in females was higher in patients with unilateral TMJ pain combined with unilateral or bilateral myalgia and the frequency was higher in patients under 15 years old having bilateral TMJ pain and/or unilateral or bilateral myalgia (P<0.05). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in those with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals (P<0.01), while in patients with bilateral myalgia or TMJ pain plus unilateral or bilateral myalgia, the frequency in those with disorder course>3 years was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals(P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency was higher in those having open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain (P<0.01). In patients with unilateral myalgia and bilateral myalgia, the frequency was higher in those having tenderness (P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in male patients was higher than females and the frequency of hyperosteogeny and resorption in females were higher than males (P<0.05). The frequency of TMJ space changes and developmental problems were higher in patients aged 16 to 35 years, while the frequencies of hyperosteogeny, bone resorption and cystis in those over 56 years were higher than other ages (P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in patients with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals (P<0.01), while the frequency of hyperosteogeny was higher in patients with disorder course>3 years (P<0.01). Conclusions: The male to female ratio in the present patients with orofacial pain of TMD was about 1 to 2. Most of the patients visited hospital within half a year after the disorders occurred. The pattern and site of the orofacial pain, signs on TMJ CT images showed some distribution regularities in views of gender, age and disorder course.
目的： 分析颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders，TMD）口颌面痛患者的临床特征，为临床诊治提供依据。 方法： 回顾性收集2014年9月至2020年9月于第四军医大学口腔医学院颞下颌关节病科就诊，根据临床症状和临床检查诊断为TMD口颌面痛者，共纳入患者3 425例，其中男性1 158例，女性2 267例，中位年龄为32岁。分别采用χ²检验和非参数秩和检验对患者的性别、年龄、病程、疼痛方式、疼痛部位、颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）影像诊断等信息进行统计分析，比较性别、年龄段、病程区间的分布特点，以及疼痛方式、疼痛部位、影像诊断在不同性别、年龄和病程区间的分布差异，以双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果： 3 425例患者中，29.1%（997/3 425）伴关节弹响，40.1%（1 373/3 425）患者开口受限。开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛以及其他疼痛不伴有触痛者男性患者显著多于女性（P<0.05），伴有触痛者则女性显著多于男性（P<0.01）；56岁以上者触痛合并开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.01）。单侧TMJ疼痛患者中男性显著多于女性（P<0.01）；双侧TMJ疼痛和双侧TMJ合并单/双侧肌痛≤15岁者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.05）；单侧TMJ疼痛病程≤1个月者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.01），双侧肌痛及双侧TMJ合并单/双侧肌痛者病程>3年者多于其他病程区间（P<0.01）；单侧TMJ疼痛者的疼痛方式以开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛者中较多（P<0.01），单侧肌痛和双侧肌痛者以触痛较多（P<0.01）。间隙变化男性显著多于女性（P<0.05），骨质增生和骨质吸收均为女性显著多于男性（P<0.05）；间隙变化和发育问题均为16~35岁者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.05）；骨质增生、骨质吸收及囊性变均为56岁以上者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.01）；间隙变化在病程≤1个月者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.001），骨质增生在病程>3年者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.01）。 结论： TMD口颌面痛患者女性约为男性的2倍，多在发病半年内就诊，其疼痛方式、疼痛部位、TMJ影像特征在性别、年龄及病程分布等方面表现出一定规律性。.