Concentration profiles of a typical ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 and its derivatives in municipal sewage sludge in China: Risk assessment in sludge-amended soil

Yifan Li; Qingqing Zhu; Guoliang Li; Qunfang Zhou; Yong Liang; Chunyang Liao; Guibin Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152329

Concentration profiles of a typical ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 and its derivatives in municipal sewage sludge in China: Risk assessment in sludge-amended soil

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 10:811:152329. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152329. Epub 2021 Dec 13.

Authors

Yifan Li¹, Qingqing Zhu², Guoliang Li², Qunfang Zhou³, Yong Liang⁴, Chunyang Liao⁵, Guibin Jiang³

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
³ Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
⁴ Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China.
⁵ School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: cyliao@rcees.ac.cn.

PMID: 34914995
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152329

Abstract

The widespread occurrence of benzophenones in various environmental matrices is a public health concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. Nevertheless, information on the exposure and health risk of benzophenones derived from sludge-amended soil is scarce. Herein, we measured a typical ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and its four derivatives in sewage sludges from different regions of China. BP-3 was the most abundant benzophenone analog in sludge (range: 0.581-305 ng/g dw), whereas no difference was found for BP-3 in sludge from different regions (p > 0.05). The sum concentration range of the four BP-3 derivatives in sludge was 0.128-74.2 ng/g dw. The mass loading and per capita daily release were calculated to determine the environmental release of benzophenones. The highest mass loading of benzophenones was found in Eastern China (20.9 kg/yr), followed by Northeast China (8.41 kg/yr) and Northwest China (8.13 kg/yr). The per capita daily release value of benzophenones via sludge was estimated as 100 ng/day/person. Calculation of the risk quotients (RQs) of BP-3 and its derivatives showed that benzophenones in sludge-amended soils had low environmental risks (RQs < 0.1) in all geographic regions. This nationwide study provides information outlining the environmental release of benzophenones through sludge composting and potential ecological risk from sludge-amended soil.

Keywords: Benzophenone; Environmental risk assessment; Mass loading; Sludge; Spatial distribution.

MeSH terms

Benzophenones / analysis
China
Humans
Risk Assessment
Sewage* / analysis
Soil*

Substances

Benzophenones
Sewage
Soil
oxybenzone