Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Zhangling Chen; Ying Xiao; Yu Qian; Qiurong Lin; Zhaoyu Xiang; Lipu Cui; Jiaqi Sun; Sicong Li; Xinran Qin; Chenhao Yang; Haidong Zou

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.760006

Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes Mellitus: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study

Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Nov 29:8:760006. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.760006. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Zhangling Chen^{1

2}, Ying Xiao³, Yu Qian⁴, Qiurong Lin⁴, Zhaoyu Xiang⁴, Lipu Cui⁴, Jiaqi Sun⁴, Sicong Li⁴, Xinran Qin⁴, Chenhao Yang³, Haidong Zou^{1

4

5

6

7

8}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
⁶ Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.
⁷ National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
⁸ Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of dry eye in children with diabetes mellitus (DM) over a period of 3 years. Methods: Children and adolescents with DM (age: 3-14 years) from the Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye (SCADE) study cohort who did not have dry eye in January 2018 were followed-up for 3 years and re-examined in January 2021, and the incidence rate and risk factors for dry eye were calculated. Results: Forty children and adolescents with DM came for follow-up in 2021. Nine of them were diagnosed with dry eye, resulting in a 3-year incidence rate of 22.5% and an annual mean incidence rate of 7.5% for dry eye. Univariate regression analysis confirmed that decreased corneal sensation (OR [Odds Ratio] = 25.60; 95%CI [Confidence Interval] = 1.31~501.69; P = 0.03) was the risk factor for dry eye incidence. Long course of DM (OR = 1.80; 95%CI = 0.96~3.38; P = 0.07), eye pain (OR = 12.27; 95%CI = 0.65~231.48; P = 0.09), and dry eye in parents (OR = 15.99; 95%CI = 0.76~337.75; P = 0.08) may interfere with the incidence of dry eye in them. Conclusions: The incidence of dry eye in children and adolescents with DM is high.

Keywords: children and adolescents; diabetes; dry eye; morbidity; risk factors.