Effect of Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Cosupplementations on Sepsis Prevention in Critically Ill Trauma Patients at High Risk for Sepsis

Noha A Kamel; Moetaza M Soliman; Maha A Abo-Zeid; Mona I Shaaban

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.792741

Effect of Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Cosupplementations on Sepsis Prevention in Critically Ill Trauma Patients at High Risk for Sepsis

Front Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 29:12:792741. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792741. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Noha A Kamel¹, Moetaza M Soliman¹, Maha A Abo-Zeid², Mona I Shaaban³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
² Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
³ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Sepsis development in patients with trauma is associated with bad prognosis. This study investigated the effect of immunomodulatory interventions in major trauma patients at high risk for sepsis. Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled design, severe trauma patients were stratified by leukocyte anti-sedimentation rate (LAR) test into high risk (HR) and low risk (LR) for sepsis. The HR patients were randomly allocated into intravenous vitamin C plus vitamin B1 (HR-CB), intramuscular vitamin D plus oral Lactobacillus probiotics (HR-DP), or control (HR-C) groups. The clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04216459). Outcomes: The primary outcome was Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation score II (APACHE II) score. Secondary outcomes included sepsis incidence, changes in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) on day 6 from baseline, 28-day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital discharge. Results: The HR-DP, HR-CB, and LR groups showed a significantly lower incidence of sepsis development (20%, 20%, and 16%, respectively, versus 60% in the HR-C group, p-value = 0.004). The three groups also showed a significant improvement in APACHE II and SOFA scores. Besides, MCP-1 levels were significantly decreased in HR-DP and HR-CB groups compared to the HR-C group (p-value ≤ 0.05). Significantly decreased mortality (10% and 16% versus 60% in the HR-C group) and increased ICU discharge (95% and 84% versus 45% in the HR-C group) were observed in HR-CB and LR groups (p-value = 0.001). Conclusion: Both combinations of interventions improved APACHE II scores and reduced sepsis incidence in trauma patients. The LAR combined with injury severity score were good sepsis predictors.

Keywords: controlled trial; leukocyte antisedimentation rate; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; probiotics; sepsis; vitamin B1; vitamin C; vitamin D.

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT04216459