Synthesis and characterization of 4-Halobenzylidene malanonitriles for optical detection of Nickel (II) ions in aqueous solution

R Parkavi; R Parthiban; P Senthil Kumar; A Chandramohan; K Dinakaran

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133248

Synthesis and characterization of 4-Halobenzylidene malanonitriles for optical detection of Nickel (II) ions in aqueous solution

Chemosphere. 2022 Mar:290:133248. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133248. Epub 2021 Dec 11.

Authors

R Parkavi¹, R Parthiban², P Senthil Kumar³, A Chandramohan⁴, K Dinakaran⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632115, India.
² Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India. Electronic address: parthibanr@ssn.edu.in.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India. Electronic address: senthilkumarp@ssn.edu.in.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632115, India. Electronic address: kdinakaran.tvu@gmail.com.

PMID: 34906523
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133248

Abstract

In this work, we have developed fluorescent detection techniques for the determination of Ni²⁺ ions in aqueous medium with sensitivity using metal coordinating fluorescent molecules namely 4-Halobenzylidene malanonitrile. The halogen substituted benzylidene malanonitile were synthesised Knoevenagel condensation reaction of various halogen substituted aromatic aldehydes with malanonitrile and products were characterised by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The obtained benzylidene malanonitiles and are exhibited a fluorescent emission with a peak of 430 nm, 440 nm and 448 nm for chloro, bromo and fluoro substituted compounds, respectively. The intensity of optical emission of the studied molecules is increased proportional to the addition of Ni²⁺ ions. The effect of different halogen substitution on the fluorescence behaviour of benylidene malononitrile has also been investigated. The synthesised title compounds showed a lowest detection limit of 10^-20 M for the Nickel (II) ions in aqueous solution under UV-Vis absorption spectra. The molecule 4- Bromobenzylidene malanonitrile exhibited a lowest detection limit of 10^-19 M for the Nickel (II) ions in, aqueous solution, photoluminescence analysis.

Keywords: Analysis; Fluorescent detection; Measurement; Nickel(II) ions; Toxic metal.

MeSH terms

Ions
Nickel*
Water*

Substances

Ions
Water
Nickel