MAC protocol with grouping awareness GMAC for large scale Internet-of-Things network

Abdulrahman Sameer Sadeq; Rosilah Hassan; Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman; Hasimi Sallehudin; Khalid Allehaibi; Nasser Albogami; Anton Satria Prabuwono

doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.733

MAC protocol with grouping awareness GMAC for large scale Internet-of-Things network

PeerJ Comput Sci. 2021 Nov 22:7:e733. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.733. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Abdulrahman Sameer Sadeq¹, Rosilah Hassan¹, Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman¹, Hasimi Sallehudin¹, Khalid Allehaibi², Nasser Albogami², Anton Satria Prabuwono³

Affiliations

¹ Center for Cyber Security, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The development of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Internet of Things should consider various aspects such as energy saving, scalability for a wide number of nodes, and grouping awareness. Although numerous protocols consider these aspects in the limited view of handling the medium access, the proposed Grouping MAC (GMAC) exploits prior knowledge of geographic node distribution in the environment and their priority levels. Such awareness enables GMAC to significantly reduce the number of collisions and prolong the network lifetime. GMAC is developed on the basis of five cycles that manage data transmission between sensors and cluster head and between cluster head and sink. These two stages of communication increase the efficiency of energy consumption for transmitting packets. In addition, GMAC contains slot decomposition and assignment based on node priority, and, therefore, is a grouping-aware protocol. Compared with standard benchmarks IEEE 802.15.4 and industrial automation standard 100.11a and user-defined grouping, GMAC protocols generate a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) higher than 90%, whereas the PDR of benchmark is as low as 75% in some scenarios and 30% in others. In addition, the GMAC accomplishes lower end-to-end (e2e) delay than the least e2e delay of IEEE with a difference of 3 s. Regarding energy consumption, the consumed energy is 28.1 W/h for GMAC-IEEE Energy Aware (EA) and GMAC-IEEE, which is less than that for IEEE 802.15.4 (578 W/h) in certain scenarios.

Keywords: Grouping; IEEE 802.15.4; ISA 100.11a; Internet of Things; MAC Protocol; Scheduling; Wireless Sensor Networks.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE), under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme FRGS/1/2018/TK04/UKM/02/17. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.