Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with the occurrence of low bone density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

Maryam Ghodsi; Abbas Ali Keshtkar; Farideh Razi; Mahsa Mohammad Amoli; Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani; Fariba Zarrabi; Patricia Khashayar; Alireza Khajavi; Bagher Larijani; Mohamad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani

doi:10.1007/s40200-021-00871-7

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with the occurrence of low bone density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes

J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021 Aug 23;20(2):1375-1383. doi: 10.1007/s40200-021-00871-7. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
³ Metabolic Disorders Research Center (MDRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Present Address: Thrombosis Hemostasis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
⁶ Present Address: Center for Microsystem Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium.
⁷ Osteoporosis Research Center (ORC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Student Research Committee, Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the association between VDR gene polymorphism and the occurrence of "low bone density (LBD)/osteopenia/osteoporosis" or LBDOO in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients among a clustered population in northwest of Iran. The studied VDR gene polymorphism included ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), FokI (rs2228570), EcoRV (rs4516035) and, TaqI (rs731236).

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, patients with T2D were identified within a group of 1266 participants based on self-report of diabetes, history of diabetes medication, and recorded laboratory data. Separately for each polymorphism and gender, crude and adjusted (age, BMI) odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for participants with T2D through logistic regression analysis.

Results: The prevalence of T2D was 16.41% in people residing in the city of Sanandaj in 2011. Of the participants with T2D, 13.92% and 81.29% had osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. In women, the tt genotype of the TaqI gene significantly decreased the risk of LBDOO versus the Tt genotype, after adjusting for BMI and age (adjusted OR:0.18, CI_95%: 0.03-0.97). Conversely, the EE genotype of the EcoRV gene enhanced the risk of LBDOO versus the Ee genotype (adjusted OR:7.64, CI_95%: 2.03-28.72).

Conclusion: The polymorphism of both TaqI and EcoRV genes was associated with the risk of LBDOO in women with T2D. This is the first time a study has highlighted this effect for the polymorphism of the EcoRV gene; we believe that this study would serve as a basis for future studies.

Keywords: Cluster random sampling; Effect size; Logistic regression; Osteoporosis; Type 2 diabetes; VDR polymorphism.