The Lifetime Cost Estimation of Human Papillomavirus-related Diseases in China: A Modeling Study

Wenpei Ding; Yue Ma; Chao Ma; Daniel C Malone; Aixia Ma; Wenxi Tang; Lei Si

doi:10.2478/jtim-2021-0039

The Lifetime Cost Estimation of Human Papillomavirus-related Diseases in China: A Modeling Study

J Transl Int Med. 2021 Sep 28;9(3):200-211. doi: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0039. eCollection 2021 Sep.

Authors

Wenpei Ding^{1

2}, Yue Ma^{1

2}, Chao Ma³, Daniel C Malone⁴, Aixia Ma^{1

2}, Wenxi Tang^{1

2}, Lei Si⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
² Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
³ Department of Economics, School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu Province, China.
⁴ Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
⁵ The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the lifetime treatment costs of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-related diseases in China and to provide cost estimates for the economic evaluation of HPV intervention strategies.

Methods: We extracted real-world hospital data from 2012 to 2019 and screened for subjects who met the criteria of clinical diagnosis of HPV-related diseases to obtain country-specific inputs into a Markov decision model. The model simulated lifetime treatment costs for HPV from the perspective of a national payer. A 5% discount rate was applied. Costs were converted and inflated to 2020 US dollars (USD).

Results: Using 2021 as the base year, the lifetime costs per patient for carcinoma in situ, local metastasis, and distant metastasis cervical cancer are $24,208 (95%CI: 18,793-30,897), $19,562 (95%CI: 14,456-25,567), and $17,599 (95%CI: 10,604-25,807), respectively. For carcinoma in situ, local metastasis, and distant metastasis vaginal cancer, the lifetime costs are $17,593 (95%CI: 14,962-23,596), $17,120 (95%CI: 13,215-22,417), and $22,411 (95%CI: 12,172-22,249), respectively. The base-case lifetime cost per patient for different stages of vulvar cancer/penile cancer/anal cancer/oral cancer/oropharyngeal cancer/laryngeal cancer falls within $17,120-$58,236.

Conclusions: Using real-world data, we calculated lifetime treatment costs of HPV-related cancer in China and found that the lifetime cost for patients exceeded $17,000 for various stages of disease. The national burden of HPV-related disease could be significantly reduced by eliminating HPV infection.

Keywords: economic burden of disease; human papillomavirus; real-world data.

Grants and funding

Source of Funding WT acknowledges the support from Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.: 71603278), Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 71734003), and research project on postgraduate education reform under “double first-class” capability construction from China Pharmaceutical University (Grant No.: 3151920118). LS is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship (Grant No.: GNT1139826). CM acknowledges the support from Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.: 72074045).